We’ve all had that mini-panic moment when ordering shoes online, unsure of how our new shoes will actually fit.
Different brands and styles can be all over the place with sizing, which is super frustrating.
In this article, I’ll walk you through why shoe sizing is so important, how sizes vary across different countries, how to use conversion charts, etc. We’ve also got some top tips from podiatrists we interviewed.
That’s just the tip of the iceberg as there’s a lot more to cover, so let’s dive in and make sure you get the perfect fit every time.
Shoe Sizing Guide
Importance of Proper Shoe Sizing
You know how frustrating it can be when your shoes just don’t fit right. Whether you’re a runner, an athlete, or someone who loves a daily walk, having the right shoe size is crucial.
When your shoes fit well, everything feels better – walking, running, and standing. But when they’re too tight or too loose, you’re in for a world of discomfort. Blisters, calluses, and even joint pain in your knees, hips, and back can all stem from poorly fitting shoes.
Here’s something interesting: most people make the mistake of choosing shoes that are too narrow. According to a study by the International Journal of Clinical Practice, only 1% of people wear shoes that are too wide. This shows how common narrow shoe designs are these days.
When you try to avoid narrow shoes, you might end up choosing shoes that are too long, thinking they’ll give you more space. It’s a common but avoidable mistake. So, make sure you’re picking shoes that fit just right in both width and length.
Related: Alexander McQueen Size Chart
US, UK, European, Asian Sizing Systems Explained
With shoe sizes, it’s a bit of a global puzzle. The main systems you’ll encounter are American, United Kingdom, European (or Paris Point), and Japanese. Each has its quirks, and they vary quite a bit.
US and UK Shoe Size System
First off, a US men’s size one is 7.67 inches. Each full size up adds a third of an inch, and a half size adds one-sixth of an inch.
For width, every change adds three-sixteenths of an inch.
Both US and UK systems use the Barleycorn system to measure length. A barleycorn is one-third of an inch (about 8.47 mm), so three barleycorns make an inch.
For example, the difference between a size 5 and a size 6 is one barleycorn.
The UK system generally runs about half a size smaller for the same foot length. The UK sizing starts at zero, with a length of 102 mm, and there are 8.4 mm (about one-third of an inch) between whole sizes and 4.2 mm between half sizes. Adult sizes range from size 1 to size 15, which is equivalent to 12 inches.
For children’s sizes, the UK system is divided into 13 parts. Sizes start at 5 inches long and increase by every fourth part of an inch until size 12. Size 13, or short 13, has a length of 8.25 inches and marks the beginning of adult size 1.
The Barleycorn system accounts for the length of the shoe, including a bit of wiggle room—sometimes half a barleycorn or more.
However, the manufacturing process and materials can make sizing a bit inconsistent. The template used to design the shoe might not match the finished product perfectly.
For instance, when wearing sandals, you don’t need extra wiggle room at the end because your toes are exposed. But for pointy shoes, a little extra space can be essential for comfort.
Want to find your shoe size in a fun way? Let’s do it!
1. Measure your foot in inches.
2. Multiply that number by 3 to convert it to barleycorns. Or, you can measure directly in barleycorn if you prefer.
3. If you’re a man, subtract 22. If you’re a woman, subtract 21.
4. Round to the nearest 0.5.
That’s your shoe size using barleycorn! Give it a try and let me know in the comments if it worked for you.
Paris Point Shoe Size System
European sizes use the Paris Point sizing system, which is quite different from US and UK sizes. Each full size is about two-thirds of a centimeter, making it less than a full size but more than a half size in other systems. The French system doesn’t include half sizes.
Infant sizes start at size 15, equivalent to size 0, and each size increases by two-thirds of a centimeter.
This can be confusing for US or UK shoppers, who often need a conversion chart when buying shoes in Europe.
Related: Gucci Size Chart
Japanese Shoe Size System
The Japanese shoe size system is super straightforward and easy to understand. All you need to do is measure the length of your foot in centimeters.
For example, if your foot measures 24.5 centimeters from heel to toe, your Japanese shoe size is 24.5.
Simple, right? No need to worry about different scales for men, women, or kids—this measurement works for everyone and all types of footwear.
Plus, it’s widely used in many Asian countries.
Why not measure your foot and see what your Japanese shoe size is?
Mondo Shoe Sizing System
The Mondo shoe sizing system, also known as Mondopoint, was designed to be a universal shoe size used worldwide.
What makes Mondo sizing unique is that it measures both the length and width of your foot, from heel to the tip of your longest toe, in millimeters or centimeters. However, the official (ISO) method is in millimeters.
So, for example, a shoe might be described as 255/98, meaning it’s 255 millimeters long and 98 millimeters wide. If you prefer centimeters and have a 27cm long foot, you’d be wearing a Mondo size 27 boot. Simple, right?
Currently, Mondopoint is mainly used for ski boots, military footwear, skates, and pointe ballet shoes. These activities need a perfect fit, and Mondo sizing ensures that.
How to Correctly Use Conversion Charts
Most of the time, using shoe size conversion charts can make finding the right size a breeze. Here’s a simple, step-by-step guide to help you out:
- Identify the Correct Section:
Make sure you’re looking at the correct section of the chart—men’s, women’s, or children’s. Sizes can differ significantly between these categories.
- Find Your Size:
Locate your size in your country’s sizing system. For example, if you’re familiar with US sizes, find your US size.
- Move Horizontally:
Once you find your size, move horizontally across the chart to see the equivalent size in the desired system.
- Measure if Needed:
If you don’t know your size, measure your foot length and refer to the size chart of the brand or region you know.
Let’s say you’re a US women’s size 8 and want to find your size in European sizing. Here’s an example:
- Find “8” under the US women’s column.
- Move horizontally to the European column.
- You’ll see that a US women’s size 8 is approximately a European size 38-39.
Remember, some brands might have slight variations in their sizing, so always check the specific brand’s size chart if available.
Men’s, Women’s, and kids’ Sizing
Understanding the differences between men’s, women’s, and children’s shoe sizes can make online shoe shopping much easier. Each category follows its own distinct scale, adding a bit of complexity.
Men’s Sizes
In the US, men’s shoe sizes typically start at size 3 and go up to size 16. Most men wear sizes between 8.5 and 11, with 9.5, 10, and 10.5 being the most common while a size 7 or a size 14 can sometimes only be found online.
Women’s Sizes
Women’s shoe sizes in the US start at 4.5 and go up to size 12. The most common sizes are between 7 and 9. If you need a size 5 or a size 12, these can also be tricky to find in stores, so checking online might be your best bet.
Baby Shoe Size Conversions
Ages: 0-12 months / Sizes: 0-4
- Size 0: (approx 3 1/8 inches or 7.9 cm)
- Size 0.5: (approx 3 1/4 inches or 8.3 cm)
- Size 1: (approx 3 1/2 inches or 8.9 cm)
- Size 1.5: (approx 3 5/8 inches or 9.2 cm)
- Size 2: (approx 3 3/4 inches or 9.5 cm)
- Size 2.5: (approx 4 inches or 10.2 cm)
- Size 3: (approx 4 1/8 inches or 10.5 cm)
- Size 3.5: (approx 4 1/4 inches or 10.8 cm)
- Size 4: (approx 4 1/2 inches or 11.4 cm)
Walker Shoe Size Conversions
Ages: 12-24 months / Sizes: 4.5-7
- Size 4.5: (approx 4 5/8 inches or 11.7 cm)
- Size 5: (approx 4 3/4 inches or 12.1 cm)
- Size 5.5: (approx 5 inches or 12.7 cm)
- Size 6: (approx 5 1/8 inches or 13 cm)
- Size 6.5: (approx 5 1/4 inches or 13.3 cm)
- Size 7: (approx 5 ½ inches or 14 cm)
Toddler Shoe Size Conversions (2-4 Years)
Ages: 2-4 years / Sizes: 7.5-12
They are often marked with a C or T.
- Size 4: 7.5 (approx 5 5/8 inches or 14.3 cm)
- Size 5: 8 (approx 5 3/4 inches or 14.6 cm)
- Size 8.5: (approx 6 inches or 15.2 cm)
- Size 9: (approx 6 1/8 inches or 15.6 cm)
- Size 9.5: (approx6 1/4 inches or 15.9 cm)
- Size 10: (approx 6 1/2 inches or 16.5 cm)
- Size 10.5: (approx 6 5/8 inches or 16.8 cm)
- Size 11: (approx 6 3/4 inches or 17.1 cm)
- Size 11.5: (approx 7 inches or 17.8 cm)
- Size 12: (approx 7 1/8 inches or 18.1 cm)
Little Kid Shoe Size Conversions
Ages: 4-8 years / Sizes: 12.5-3
After the size 13-13.5, it starts over at 1. Pay attention that you’re not buying a little baby shoe. They are typically marked with Kids or Youth.
- Size 12.5: (approx 7 1/4 inches or 18.4 cm)
- Size 13: (approx 7 1/2 inches or 19.1 cm)
- Size 13.5: (approx 7 5/8 inches or 19.4 cm)
- Size 1: (approx 7 3/4 inches or 19.7 cm)
- Size 1.5: (approx 8 inches or 20.3 cm)
- Size 2: (approx 8 1/8 inches or 20.6 cm)
- Size 2.5: (approx 8 1/4 inches or 21 cm)
- Size 3: (approx 8 1/2 inches or 21.6 cm)
Big Kid Shoe Size Conversions
Ages: 8-12 years / Sizes: 3.5-7
* Right around the 3.5-4, women start getting into those smaller sizes.
- Size 3.5: (approx 8 5/8 inches or 21.9 cm) (US women’s 5.5)
- Size 4: (approx 8 3/4 inches or 22.2 cm) (US women’s 6)
- Size 4.5: (approx 9 inches or 22.9 cm) (US women’s 6.5)
- Size 5: (approx 9 1/8 inches or 23.2 cm) (US women’s 7)
- Size 5.5: (approx 9 1/4 inches or 23.5 cm) (US women’s 7.5)
- Size 6: (approx 9 1/2 inches or 24.1 cm) (US women’s 8)
- Size 6.5: (approx 9 5/8 inches or 24.4 cm) (US women’s 8.5)
- Size 7: (approx 9 3/4 inches or 24.8 cm) (US women’s 9)
Related: Balenciaga Shoe Size Chart
Why is it important to measure your feet regularly?
A lot of people believe their shoe size stays the same throughout their life, but that’s not true. Your feet can change size and shape due to weight fluctuations, pregnancy, aging, and medical conditions.
Most of us don’t bother to get our feet measured regularly. We settle into a routine and stick with it. However, according to Dr. Rock G. Positano, “One of the more common things we see is that a woman or a man will be trying to fit a size 9 foot into a size 7 shoe. That’s a problem. When the shoe doesn’t fit correctly, your foot works twice as hard.”
Wearing shoes that are too small or too big is equally bad for you. Experts recommend getting your feet measured using the Brannock device every two to three years to get an accurate measurement.
Weight changes and job changes can affect your foot size. For example, a pharmacist who stands for 10-12 hours a day can gain half a width to a full width in shoe size.
Frequent travelers often find their shoes hard to put back on after a flight because their feet have swollen. It takes two to three days for feet to return to their normal size.
As we get older, our arches might start to fall, and our feet will get longer. You might go from a size 11 to 11.5. If you lose weight, you might go from an 11E to an 11D and notice your shoes fitting differently.
So, get your feet measured regularly and adjust your shoe size accordingly. Have you noticed any changes in your shoe size over the years? Let’s talk about it in the comments!
How To Measure Your Feet Properly
Normally, you can measure your feet in a store with a Brannock Device. But if you’re shopping from home, all you need is a ruler, measuring tape, and some paper or cardboard.
How to Measure Your Foot Using the Brannock Device:
According to shoe specialists, most of the time, only about 10-20% of people know their size and one thing that is very common is most people have not been put on a Brannock Device.
The Brannock Device, invented by Charles F. Brannock in 1927, revolutionized foot measuring and became the industry standard in the US. Before its invention, shoe sizing was inconsistent. With the Brannock Device, sizing became accurate for 95-96% of people.
Here’s how it works:
- Put the Brannock Device on a flat surface.
- Stand on the device with one foot, ensuring your heel is firmly against the heel cup.
- Adjust the length bar to the tip of your longest toe to find your length measurement.
- Slide the width bar to the side of your foot to determine the width measurement.
- Ensure the width bar reaches the ball of your foot, the widest part.
Repeat for the other foot. Always fit your shoes to the bigger foot, as one foot can be slightly longer or wider.
If you don’t have access to the Brannock Device, this is how you can measure your feet at home…
How to Measure Your Foot at Home:
Measuring your foot at home is easy and requires just a few simple tools. You’ll need a piece of paper, a pencil or marker, a ruler, and some scissors.
Here’s how to do it:
Trace Your Foot:
- Place the paper on a hard, flat surface like tile or hardwood.
- Stand on the paper with your full weight.
- Using a pencil or marker, trace the outline of your foot, keeping the pencil vertical for accuracy.
Measure Your Foot Length:
- Measure the distance from the tip of your longest toe to the back of your heel. This is your foot length.
- Measure in centimeters for better precision and repeat the process with the other foot.
Measure Your Foot Width:
- Measure the distance across the widest part of your foot, typically the ball of your foot.
Here’s another method that might be even more convenient:
Capture and Trace:
- Take a picture of the tracing with your phone.
- Place another piece of paper over the phone screen and trace the image of your foot
This way, you have a cellphone-sized image of your foot that you can easily compare against shoes on your phone or computer screen.
Do you have any other tips for measuring your feet at home? Please share them in the comments!
Related: Haflinger Size Chart
How to Measure Your Kid’s Feet at Home
Measuring your kid’s feet at home is easy and similar to the method used by adults. Here’s how you can do it:
Trace the Outline:
- Place a piece of paper on a hard, flat surface.
- Have your child stand on the paper with their full weight.
- Trace the outline of their foot with a pencil or marker, keeping it as vertical as possible for accuracy.
Measure Length and Width:
- Measure the longest part of the outline (from the tip of the longest toe to the heel) and the widest part (across the ball of the foot) in centimeters.
- Repeat the process with the other foot.
Many websites have sizing chart links where you can enter the measurements, and it’ll convert them to the actual shoe size. Sometimes, the centimeters are listed inside the shoe or on the outside of the box.
The Insole Indicator:
Some kids’ shoes come with a removable insole that helps indicate when it’s time for a bigger size. Here’s what to do:
Remove the Insole:
- Take out the insole from the shoe.
Check the Indicator:
- Look for an indicator at the toe of the insole.
- Allow one to two centimeters, or about the width of your thumb, from the tip of the indicator to gauge what size shoe to get them next.
Shoe Sizing and Fit According to Podiatrists
When you’re shopping for shoes, you want that perfect fit. But what if your dream shoes are just a bit too large? Or if one foot is slightly smaller than the other? We’ve talked to a couple of podiatrists (Dr. Dana Brems, Dr. Andrew Scheider, and Dr. Scott Friedersdorf), and here’s what they recommend for finding the right size and fit.
Try Shoes at the End of the Day
Believe it or not, the time of day matters. Your feet swell and slightly flatten throughout the day, so the best time to measure your feet and try on shoes is in the late afternoon or early evening. This way, you’re getting the most accurate size because your feet are at their largest.
Bring Socks and Inserts You Normally Wear
Bring the socks and inserts you’d usually wear with your shoes as these can dramatically change the fit. For example, if you’re buying dress shoes, try them on with dress socks to get a real sense of how they feel.
Get Fitted by a Professional
Getting a professional fitting is invaluable. I know, in our online shopping era, it’s tempting to skip this step. But nothing beats a professional fitting.
In the store, they’ll use a Brannock Device— that metal tool that measures not only the length and width of your foot but also the length from the heel to the ball of your foot.
Have you ever tried getting a professional fitting? It might surprise you how much difference it makes. Let us know in the comments!
Stand Up During Fittings
Make sure to stand during the fitting process. Your foot shape changes when you’re bearing weight compared to sitting down, so standing gives a more accurate fit.
Fit Your Shoes to the Larger Foot
In some cases, one foot is larger than the other. Always fit to the larger foot. If you’re between sizes, size up. Don’t go more than half a size up or down, as a full size can make the shoe too floppy or bulky.
Walk Around the Store
Don’t be shy—walk around the store. Check for any pinching or slipping, see how your feet move inside the shoes, and make sure there’s enough room in the toe box.
If you can, try walking on different surfaces and mimic the activities you’ll be doing in the shoes, like jogging in place for running shoes or climbing stairs for hiking boots.
Shoes should feel comfortable right away. They shouldn’t feel too tight or too large. Think of shoes like a boyfriend—you want to love them as they are now. You can’t change them as much as you think you can. Either accept them as they are or move on.
The Finger Test
When it comes to finding the right fit, most people tend to choose shoes that are too small. Here’s a simple trick: you should be able to fit a finger comfortably between your heel and the back of the shoe. However, it shouldn’t be so loose that your heel slips out when you walk.
The Wiggle Test
You should be able to wiggle your toes comfortably. There should be about a half-inch of space between your longest toe and the end of your shoe.
Toe Box Space
In general, shoes should have a wide and deep toe box, which is the area surrounding your toes. Round and square-toed shoes offer more room for your toes than pointed ones. A too-narrow toe box can cause friction, leading to corns, calluses, or even deformed toes and neuromas.
Measure Your Foot to the Shoe
Always measure your foot to the shoe, not the other way around. Some people try to buy shoes that just aren’t compatible with their feet because they like the way they look.
There are shoes that will fit your foot well, and there are shoes that simply won’t, no matter how high or low in size you go. Your foot has a unique shape and contour, and it’s important to find shoes that match that shape.
Have you ever bought shoes that looked great but felt terrible? Share your experiences and any tips you have in the comments!
Don’t Assume Every Brand Fits the Same
Even with standard sizing systems, each brand can have its own unique fit. They use different manufacturing processes, lasts, molds, and design philosophies.
For instance, one brand might design shoes with a narrower toe box, while another might offer a wider fit to accommodate different foot shapes.
Regional differences in sizing standards can complicate things further. A size 8 in one brand might fit more like a size 7.5 or even a 6.5 in another.
Sometimes, you’ll try on a new brand in your usual size and realize you need to go two sizes down because that brand calculated its sizes “creatively”.
Always refer to the brand’s sizing chart. It provides measurements that can guide you better than just relying on your usual size.
Shoe Size Increases as We Age
As we age, our arches can flatten, causing our feet to spread and requiring a larger shoe size. So, even if you’re buying the same shoes, consider resizing yourself regularly as the years go on.
Have you noticed changes in your shoe size over time?
Double-Check Your Measurements
When in doubt, always double-check your measurements to ensure the perfect fit. It’s better to be safe than sorry.
Solid Return Policy
Make sure the shoe store, whether physical or online, has a great return policy. This is especially important when shopping for expensive designer shoes. You’ll want the option to exchange sizes if needed.
Importance of Half Sizes
Feet come in all shapes and sizes, and half sizes offer a more precise fit. Companies that provide half sizes help ensure a better fit if your feet don’t fit neatly into a whole size.
Go See Your Podiatrist for sizing tips
If your shoes are bothering you, a podiatrist can evaluate your feet and address any issues. They can help determine whether the problem is with your shoe or your foot.
Sizing and Widths
When you’re shopping for shoes, don’t just think about length. Width is just as important. Most mass-produced shoes only come in a medium width, which might not work for everyone. If your foot is narrower or wider than average, check out higher-quality brands like Clarks or New Balance to name a few.
Narrow Widths
Narrow widths are great for feet that are slimmer across the ball and arch. They provide a snug fit that helps prevent slipping.
Regular Widths
Regular widths are the standard fit and work well for most foot shapes. If your feet are pretty average, this width should be perfect.
Wide Widths
Wide widths offer extra room for those with wider feet. They reduce pressure and prevent discomfort. Some brands even offer extra-wide options for even more width variations.
Have you ever tried different widths? Which brands work best for your feet? Let’s chat about it in the comments!
Let’s break down the different widths available for both men and women…
Men’s shoes tend to be wider than women’s shoes in equivalent sizes. For example, a men’s D width is often wider than a women’s D width.
Also, different brands use various terms like “Narrow,” “Medium,” “Wide,” and “Extra Wide,” or letters and numbers (e.g., B, D, 2E).
Men’s Shoe Widths:
- Narrow (N) or “B”
This is the standard narrow width for men. It’s less common and used for those with particularly slim feet.
- Medium (M) or “D”:
This is the standard or regular width for men. Most men’s shoes are made in this width.
- Wide (W) or 2E (EE):
Slightly wider than the standard width and provides more room for those with wider feet.
- Extra Wide (XW) or 4E (EEEE):
Even wider and offers a comfortable fit for men with very wide feet.
- XX-Wide (XXW) or 6E and beyond:
Designed for extremely wide feet, though less common.
Women’s Shoe Widths
- Super Slim (SS) or 4A (AAAA):
Designed for women with super slim or skinny feet.
- Narrow (N) or 2A (AA):
The standard narrow width for women, suitable for those with slim feet.
- Medium (M) or B:
The standard or regular width for women, with most women’s shoes made in this width.
- Wide (W) or D:
Wider than the standard width and provides more room for women with wider feet.
- Extra Wide (XW) or 2E (EE):
Even wider and offers a comfortable fit for women with very wide feet.
Have you ever struggled with finding the right shoe width? Which brands have worked best for your feet?
Last but not least, always be careful to know exactly which width you’re buying. Often, retailers will put wide shoes on clearance, and if you’re not paying attention to the letter “W” or “E” following the size, you might end up with the wrong fit.
Let’s talk about something not many people discuss—heel fitment or heel width…
Understanding Heel Fitment or Heel Width
In the U.S., heel sizes are typically two sizes smaller than the ball width. Here’s how it breaks down:
- EEE Ball Width – 2: E Heel Width
- EE Ball Width – 2: D Heel Width
- E Ball Width – 2: C Heel Width
- D Ball Width – 2: B Heel Width
- B Ball Width – 2: AA Heel Width
For example, older shoes might be labeled with a slash like EEE/E or something like 1.5EEE/E, indicating the ball width and heel width separately.
If you’re buying shoes from Europe, they might use a different system. For instance, if a “D” is the medium width, the heel will be an “A,” as they use three sizes smaller.
Italian shoes are a great option if you have narrow heels because they often make their heels three sizes smaller than the ball width. So, if you struggle to find shoes that fit your narrow heels perfectly, Italian shoes might be just what you need.
Let’s dive into foot types and how they affect shoe size…
Foot Type and Shoe Size
While we often think of feet as simply wide or narrow, there are also different toe shapes to consider. There are five main types, each named after an ancient civilization.
The ‘Roman’ Foot
One of the most common foot types is the ‘Roman’ foot. If you mention this to a shoe designer or seller, they’ll know exactly what you mean. Here’s what it looks like:
- The first three toes are of similar length.
- The last two toes are much shorter, with the little toe being the shortest.
- The tip of the foot is quite wide and looks rounded.
Having a ‘Roman’ foot means you’ll likely need shoes that accommodate a rounded and wider toe box.
The ‘Square’ Foot
The ‘Square’ foot is pretty straightforward. All your toes are the same length, making your foot wide at the toe level and giving it a rectangular appearance. Ballerinas often develop ‘Square’ feet due to their practice, which flattens their toes.
The ‘Greek’ Foot
If you have a ‘Greek’ foot, your second toe is the longest. This shape can make finding closed shoes tricky, as you might need a larger size for extra toe space. ‘Greek’ feet are usually longer and thinner, often considered aesthetically pleasing. However, they’re more comfortable in sandals than in closed shoes.
The ‘Egyptian’ Foot
The ‘Egyptian’ foot ranks your toes in descending order from the big toe to the little toe, creating a harmonious and regular appearance.
So when you see ads of feet wearing rings or decorations, usually they are showing you a model who has ‘Egyptian’ feet.
The ‘Germanic’ Foot
In a ‘Germanic’ foot, the big toe is the largest, followed by toes of the same length, similar to a ‘Square’ foot. If you have a ‘Germanic’ foot, you might need shoes one size bigger, just like your ‘Greek’ friends, but this is due to your big toe.
Finding out your foot shape is a fun exercise, but it can be a challenge for shoe designers. Now, let’s see how your foot and toe shape determines the kind of shoes you’ll be comfortable in.
Do you know your foot type? How has it affected your shoe size experience?
Type of Footwear and Shoe Size
Not all shoes fit everyone, and different types of shoes require special considerations when it comes to sizing. Let’s break it down:
If you have a ‘Square’ foot, you might notice your little toe peeking out of sandals. Look for styles with a wider toe box to keep all your toes comfortably inside.
Running shoes usually have more room in the toe box and extra cushioning to handle foot expansion during intense activity.
Casual shoes prioritize comfort and style. They often fit more snugly but still allow for daily wear and movement. Look for breathable materials and flexible soles for the best comfort.
Formal shoes, like dress shoes, have a more structured fit. They might feel tighter, but they should still offer enough room to avoid discomfort. It’s crucial to ensure they don’t pinch or squeeze your toes.
When it comes to sizing in correlation to the type of shoe you’re looking for, if you’re a size 39 in Europe and your foot is 25 cm long, here’s how it translates:
- UK Sizes: You’re a size 5 ½ or 6.
- US Sizes for Regular Shoes: You’re a size 7 ½ or 8.
- US Sizes for Athletic Shoes: You’ll likely need a size 8 because American sneakers have different sizing gaps compared to regular shoes.
For European brands, your sneaker size will be the same as your regular shoe size, which simplifies things for consumers. In Japan, your size would be 25.
Let’s dive into the shape around your toes. As we discussed earlier, there are five main foot shapes: Egyptian, Greek, Roman, Square, and Germanic. Each type of shoe is designed with these specific foot shapes in mind.
Open-toe Shoes and Foot Shapes
When it comes to sandals, getting the right fit can be tricky. Here’s a quick guide on how different foot shapes fare in sandals and what to look for when buying them.
- Greek Feet: Sandals are great for you. The open design gives your longer second toe plenty of room.
- Roman Feet: You’ll also be comfortable in sandals. The even length of your first three toes fits well.
- Egyptian Feet: You might find extra space at the toe, but it usually doesn’t cause discomfort.
- Square & Germanic Feet: Sandals can be a challenge. Look for wider sandals to accommodate your foot width.
There are four main things I recommend if you’re looking for the best fit out of your sandals…
- Ensure the base of the sandal matches your foot shape and is as wide as your foot.
- The length should cup your heel and keep your toes firmly on the base. Avoid sandals that leave your toes hanging over the edge.
- If you wear orthotics, look for sandals with a removable footbed. This leaves space for your custom arch support.
- Look for sandals with adjustable straps. This allows you to customize the fit for maximum comfort.
Sneakers and Foot Shapes
Sneakers are generally designed for square feet, which are the widest shape. Since sneakers are closed shoes, they need to fit virtually everyone. Here’s how different foot shapes fare in sneakers:
- Square Feet: Sneakers are a great match for you because of their wide design.
- Germanic Feet: These are similar to square feet, so sneakers should fit well.
- Egyptian, Greek, and Roman Feet: You might find that sneakers feel too big. If you have Greek feet, you might wonder if you should go one size down since your toes may feel like they’re swimming inside the shoe.
Pointy Shoes (With or Without Heels)
Pointy shoes are a unique challenge. They’re best suited for Greek feet and really only fit them well. Here’s how other foot shapes fare in pointy shoes:
- Greek Feet: Perfect match. Your longer second toe fits comfortably.
- Roman and Egyptian Feet: You’ll feel OK, but the pointy shape will press on your big toe.
- Square and Germanic Feet: These feet will suffer in pointy shoes. The narrow toe box creates discomfort.
Boots
Boots are versatile and tend to fit “everyone” well. Here’s why:
- Square and Germanic Feet: Great fit due to the round and wide toe box.
- Egyptian, Greek, and Roman Feet: Also comfortable because boots provide more space around the toes.
Shoe Sizing According to Different Activities and Seasons
Shoe sizing can vary depending on the activity you’re engaged in and the season. Let’s break it down to ensure you get the best fit no matter what.
Sandals
Make sure the base or sole of the sandal matches your foot shape and is as wide as your foot. This prevents your toes or heels from hanging over the edge.
Make sure the length of the sandal cups your heel and keeps your toes firmly on the base. A well-fitting sandal should support your entire foot without any overhang.
If you wear orthotics, look for sandals with a removable footbed. This allows you to insert your custom arch support and still enjoy the comfort of your sandals.
Winter Boots
Finding the perfect winter boots can be a bit of a challenge, especially since they need to accommodate thicker socks. Here’s how to make sure you get the best fit:
When trying on winter boots, bring the socks you plan to wear with them.
Begin with the size of boots you’re currently wearing. Keep in mind that different boots work for different foot shapes, so you might need to try several sizes and styles.
It’s all about trial and error. Try on different sizes and models to gauge comfort. Pay attention to pinch points and whether your toes feel cramped. Move around in them to test for any discomfort.
If you need boots for quickly slipping on to fire up your car or run errands, look for easy slide-on styles.
For activities like sledding or shoveling snow, you’ll want a tighter fit that stays secure without being a hassle to put on.
If your feet are a bit wide, look for brands that offer wide sizes. Some brands clearly label “Wide” on the box, making it easier to find the right fit. If you’re struggling to get the boot on, consider moving up to a wide size.
If you’re a snowboarder, make sure you read our tips on how snowboard boots fit.
Running Shoes
Ill-fitting running shoes can lead to injuries, blisters, and even black toenails as you increase your mileage. Here’s how to ensure you get the perfect fit for your running shoes:
Not every brand or style runs true to size. Sometimes, you might need to go a half size up or down. Don’t hesitate to try different sizes.
Running shoe companies regularly update their models, which can change the fit. Always test the new version, even if you’ve been wearing the same model for years.
Size to your longer foot and make sure there’s a half to a full thumb’s width of space at the end of the shoe to allow your toes room to breathe.
The toe box should offer ample room for your feet and toes to splay naturally.
Look for a snug fit in the midfoot and heel. Your foot shouldn’t slide around inside the shoe. If your foot sits too low or the shoe is too deep, you’ll notice the laces bunched up tightly. If the shoe is too shallow, you’ll feel pressure on the top of your foot.
If the shoe fits well but you still experience heel slippage, use the lacing heel lock system to secure the heel for a more stable fit.
Hiking Shoes
Always try new hiking footwear with the socks you plan to wear. The thickness of your socks can significantly affect the fit.
Your feet swell throughout the day, so trying on hiking shoes in the late afternoon or early evening gives you a more accurate fit.
Without lacing them up, stand in the boots. They should feel snug in the heel and midfoot, with enough wiggle room for your toes. They shouldn’t feel too tight or loose.
Lace up the boots firmly, but not so tight that they cause discomfort. If the cuff feels tight on your calf, consider boots with a lower cut at the back.
Take your boots outside and find a steep hill.
Toe Box Volume:
- If you feel pressure anywhere, you need a larger or wider size.
- If you can pinch a lot of material, you need a smaller or narrower shoe.
- If you have narrow heels, look for boots with more cushioning or use heel lock lacing to hold the heel in place.
Toe Room:
- Make sure your toes don’t hit the front of the boot. If they do, the boots are too small.
- If you slide forward in the boots, they’re too big.
- You need a shoe that limits movement in the heel and midfoot while allowing your toes to move freely.
Climbing Shoes
Climbing shoes are designed to perform on the climbing wall. Therefore, you will not experience the same comfort level as your street shoes.
Here’s what you need to know:
A properly fitted climbing shoe will be a little hard to get on your foot at first, especially if you’ve chosen a model with an aggressive down-turned toe.
Remember, a down-turned aggressive shoe is better for advanced or experienced climbers. On the other hand, a more neutral shoe should be easier to get into but should still have a snug fit.
Once you have the shoe on your foot, feel around for any dead spots. If you’ve fitted the shoe properly, you shouldn’t experience much of this.
If you have obvious dead spots, your climbing shoe is too big. Fitting your shoes too big will result in a loss of performance.
If your shoes are too big, you’ll notice a gap between the heel and the opening of the shoe. You will also notice that your toes do not reach the very end of the toe box.
The material of the upper will wrinkle and your toe box will fold over when you step down.
Soccer Cleats
You may notice that soccer cleats fit pretty differently from your conventional sneakers. They may be tighter in some parts of the foot as well as more rigid in some areas as well.
The reason for that is that soccer cleats are performance footwear and don’t provide a lot of extra space throughout the shoe because too much extra space is going to result in a lot of responsiveness, which may impact your performance on the field.
But the problem is some brands like Nike and Puma tend to run a little bit smaller while others may tend to run larger.
For example, you can wear US 10.5 in some models, but you can wear 11 or you can even fit to 10 in some other models.
Another really important factor in deciding your size in soccer cleats is going to be the fit you’re looking for.
You can use the thumb’s rule.
Simply take your thumb and put it at the end of your football boot. If there’s more than half a thumb’s worth of space, your soccer cleat is probably too big and you want to go half a size down.
And if it feels like your big toe is being crushed, you want to go a half size up or at least cut your toenails.
Some players like having about one centimeter of space between the edge of their toes and the end of the boot while other players want an even closer fit than that, so work accordingly
Overall, experiment with different models and different brands until you find what works best for you.
Foot Conditions and Shoe Sizing
When picking new shoes, your shoe size isn’t the only factor to consider. Research from the Battelle Memorial Institute shows there are at least 38 factors influencing shoe fit. While shoe size is important, it should be seen more as a guide than an absolute.
Enter Shoe Fit…
Shoe fit is heavily influenced by foot conditions like bunions (hallux valgus), bunionettes, hammertoes, flat feet, high arches, or low arches.
If you have any of these issues, you know how challenging it can be to find comfortable shoes. Remember, the key is to work around these conditions to achieve the best fit possible.
Do you have any foot conditions that make shoe shopping difficult? How do you find the right fit? Share your tips and experiences in the comments!
Bunions
Bunions can make wearing shoes a real pain, especially with pointy-toed, narrow shoes, high heels, or shoes with rigid sides and tight leather. These types of shoes can cut into bunions and cause significant discomfort.
As far as sizing and fit are concerned, wide-width shoes can give your feet the extra room they need without putting pressure on the bunion. However, be cautious of your foot slipping around too much in wider shoes.
If wide shoes cause your feet to slip, consider stretching just the area around the bunion. You can use a wooden shoe stretcher or one with a built-in heat gun to stretch specific points on the shoe. This way, the shoe will fit well overall, but your bunion has enough space to move without rubbing.
Hammertoes
Wider or longer shoes aren’t necessarily the solution for hammertoes. Instead, look for shoes made with stretchy mesh or knit materials to better accommodate the shape of your toes.
The toebox should have enough room and height to fit your toes without rubbing against the top. This is what podiatrists refer to as extra-depth shoes, which have more vertical space inside.
Stay away from narrow shoes and those made from canvas or leather that don’t offer much stretch.
Wide Feet
What exactly makes a foot wide? It could be that your foot tends to spread out because it’s very flexible. This means the tendons across your joints spread out and flex easily. Alternatively, you might have a bit more flesh on your foot, making it wider.
Sometimes, having a wide foot is more about proportion. This means that the joint of your foot is far forward compared to what the shoe is designed for. In this case, the bulk of your foot sits in the narrower part of the shoe, which is often the toebox.
In terms of fit, stretching your shoes can be incredibly useful. It can help widen the overall shoe and target specific areas that need more room.
Some shoe stretchers come with additional pieces or nubs that you can place to stretch specific areas, such as where you have bunions. This allows for a more customized fit.
Sometimes, the issue isn’t just in the width but higher up on the foot. Ensure the entire shoe fits comfortably.
Have you tried stretching your shoes to accommodate wide feet? Check out my article on how to stretch your shoes effectively.
High or Low Instep
Whether you have a high or low instep or a higher or lower arch, it can impact how your shoes fit. If you have a smaller circumference in the midfoot area, your foot might slip more easily in both open shoes and more enclosed styles like Oxfords or boots.
You may also find that even if it’s very tight and comfortable in the midfoot area, your heel may still slip if it’s very narrow. Again, a little heel pad or insert will do very well for that area. It sort of wraps around the heel and holds it into place.
Orthotics and Shoe Size
Orthotics, whether custom-made or over-the-counter inserts, can significantly impact your shoe size and fit. Here’s how to ensure your shoes accommodate orthotics comfortably:
When using orthotics, you might need to choose a larger shoe size or a style with more volume to accommodate the inserts comfortably. Thinner orthotics or inserts usually don’t take up much room, typically no more than a half size.
If you have a shoe that’s slightly too big, adding an insert can help fill the extra space and provide a better fit and added comfort.
Just don’t forget to bring your orthotics when you fit the shoes to make sure that they fit inside the shoe and there’s enough space for the insert and for your foot to fit inside the shoe comfortably.
Lasts and Shoe Fit
The last is a molded form that looks like a foot and is an important element in the manufacture and repair of footwear.
While 3D last-development software aids in the creation, much of the work is done by skilled last model-makers who handcraft them out of wood. The final models are then scanned, and production is based on 3D data.
The Role of Lasts in Shoe Design
Each last is designed with a specific purpose in mind, whether for basketball, running, or leisure shoes. Because lasts vary from shoe to shoe, sizing and fit can also differ.
The materials used in the shoe also play a significant role in how the last impacts the fit. Experts at Adidas explain that, “for a stiff leather shoe, the last has more impact on the fit compared with a very stretchy upper material, which allows the foot to expand and find the space required.”
The Impact of Lasts on Shoe Shape
The specific job a shoe is designed for determines the kind of last used. If the wrong last is chosen, the shoe can end up fitting poorly.
An example of this is the Adidas Deerupt Runner silhouette. Inspired by the New York sneaker, the Deerupt has a completely different shape due to an altered last.
Adidas has its own in-house last division, which collaborates with other departments to develop new lasts. They consider factors such as gender-related foot shape, target groups (professional, leisure, medium foot, wide foot), sport-specific requirements, design aspects, and material properties.
Historical Anecdotes
A much-discussed, albeit unverified, story tells how Nike once lost the original last for the Air Jordan 2. Reportedly, Nike had to dissect an original pair before re-releasing the silhouette in 1994 to ensure the retro design matched the original.
Without the last, Nike was unable to recreate the exact shape, so the original shape was studied and mapped out before the Air Jordan 2 could be brought back. The process was repeated in 2004 when the shoe was retro’d for a second time.
Now, let me discuss some of the more popular lasts on the market…
Allen Edmonds lasts
Allen Edmonds is renowned for its high-quality craftsmanship and attention to detail, particularly when it comes to the lasts used in their shoes.
Here are some of the most popular lasts that define the fit and style of Allen Edmonds footwear:
The 65 Last
The 65 Last is one of Allen Edmonds’ most popular and widely used lasts. Known for its sleek and elongated shape, it provides a comfortable fit with a slightly narrow toe.
This last is ideal for dress shoes, giving them a classic and sophisticated look. If you have a narrow or medium-width foot and high arches, the 65 Last will likely be a great fit for you.
The 64 Last
The 64 Last offers a slightly roomier fit across the ball and forepart of the foot. It has a more relaxed and comfortable fit. It retains all the defining characteristics of the 65 Last but is slightly longer and provides a bit more space.
The 97 Last
The 97 Last has a soft, slightly pointed toe, but it’s a bit more rounded compared to the 65 Last. It’s designed to provide a fuller fit across the ball of the foot and instep and it’s the best fit for the average foot.
The 79 Last
The 79 Last features a tapered back portion, which allows for lower, shorter vamp designs. This creates a snug fit across the top of the foot.
The 108 Last
The 108 Last is designed with an elongated forepart, narrower fit and a tapered, flatter toe.
The 511 & 511G Lasts
Commonly used in Allen Edmonds’ boot styles, the 511 Last has a more rounded, fuller-fitting toe. It offers a comfortable amount of room in the toe box and a slightly wider fit across the ball of the foot.
The 511G Last offers extra room to accommodate an orthotic and heavier athletic socks.
The 201 Last
The 201 Last provides added room for high insteps and has a fuller forefoot width, which ensures a comfortable fit if you need extra space in these areas.
The 2020 Last
The 2020 Last offers a relaxed fit with slightly more room around the foot for added comfort and ease of wear.
The APL Last
The APL Last was developed as a true boot last. It has a wider forefoot for more room up front and a higher toe box for added volume and comfort.
Breaking In New Shoes: Do’s and Don’ts
Breaking in new shoes is essential to ensure they fit comfortably. Here are some do’s and don’ts to guide you through the process:
Start Small
Begin by wearing your new shoes for short periods around the house. This helps your feet adjust to the new fit and allows the shoes to mold to your foot shape gradually.
Increase Gradually
Slowly increase the wearing time over several days. This approach helps avoid discomfort and blisters.
Flex and Bend
Use techniques like gently bending and flexing the shoes with your hands to soften them up.
Wear Thick Socks
Put on thick socks and walk around to help stretch the shoes slightly.
Use Leather Conditioner
Apply a small amount of leather conditioner to soften stiff leather shoes, making them more pliable.
Avoid Full-Day Wear Immediately
Don’t wear your new shoes for a full day right away. This can lead to painful blisters and sore feet. Rushing the break-in process can damage both your feet and the shoes.
Don’t Use Extreme Measures
Avoid soaking your shoes in water or using direct heat sources like hairdryers unless you’re sure of what you’re doing. These methods can damage the materials and alter the shape of the shoes.
If unsure, stick to gentle methods unless you’re sure of what you’re doing.
Before we dive into the history of shoe sizing, did you know that India is developing its own footwear sizing system?
India is Getting Its Own Sizing System Soon
At present, India bases its footwear sizes on European and French standards, but that’s set to change in 2025. India will introduce its own footwear sizing system called BHA for BHARAT.
Back in 2022, India made a significant decision to break free from Eurocentric sizing standards. By 2025, this change is expected to provide 85% of Indians with properly fitting footwear.
Why Does India Need Its Own Footwear Sizes?
Between 2021 and 2022, India conducted a comprehensive foot survey using 3D foot scanning machines to understand the size dimensions, and structure of an average Indian foot. Here’s what the survey revealed:
Wider Feet. Indian feet are generally wider than those of Europeans or Americans. Footwear based on European or American sizes tends to be too narrow for Indian feet. This often forces Indians to wear bigger sizes, resulting in ill-fitting and uncomfortable shoes, which can lead to foot issues.
Unlike the current system, the BHA system will measure both the length and the width of the feet. It will offer sizes for everyone, from infants to adults, ensuring a better fit for all age groups.
The History of Shoe Sizing
The history of shoe sizing tells the story of how we transitioned from handmade shoes to the mass-produced footwear we know today.
In the 1920s, the Brannock Device was invented in the United States. This device provided a more accurate way to measure the length, width, and arch of your feet. Meanwhile, Europe developed its own sizing systems, leading to the variations in shoe sizes we see between regions today.
The big question is, how did these sizes come to be? How did we decide on standardized sizing, and why do these sizes sometimes seem off?
Where Did These Sizes Come From?
Spoiler alert: standardized sizing was never meant to fit everyone perfectly. The system was designed to provide a starting point for manufacturers. It offered a basic set of measurements, allowing manufacturers to adjust their sizes to better fit their audience.
The need for a standardized system arose with the advent of mass production. Before this, cobblers made custom shoes for each person. Shoes were a luxury, and each pair was tailored to fit the individual’s feet perfectly.
However, as factories began producing shoes on a large scale during the Industrial Revolution, and as people started living in areas without nearby stores, a new system was needed.
Standardized sizing made it easier for people to purchase shoes and for manufacturers to produce them efficiently.
1889
In 1889, a pivotal meeting took place where a group of men sat down to decide on the standard measurements for shoe sizes. This meeting set the foundation for the standardized sizing system we use today.
The main goal of these standardized sizes was to ensure that when you buy a size 7 shoe, all size 7 shoes should theoretically fit the same.
While this system isn’t always perfect, it helps reduce the need to try on multiple sizes like 6, 7, or 8 depending on your toe shape.
Focus on Length Over Width
During this meeting, the primary focus was on standardizing the length of the shoes. Width was considered less of a concern because there were usually more width options available. The size chart they developed ran from 1 to 13 for children’s shoes and 1 to 13 for adult shoes.
They established a standard of five widths available in most stores, with some stores offering an even wider range. This provided a decent variety to accommodate different foot shapes and sizes.
The Inconsistencies in Early Shoe Sizing Systems
The initial attempt at standardizing shoe sizes had a major flaw: inconsistency. A size 4 in one brand could be a size 6 in another and an 8 in yet another.
Each manufacturer or brand applied its own specifications to dimensions on their lasts, such as the backpart, forepart, and tread. This variation made a big difference in fit among different brands for the same size.
The Challenges
This inconsistency posed several problems:
- Stores selling multiple brands faced challenges since sizes varied widely between brands.
- Customers encountered inconsistent sizing, making it hard to find a reliable fit.
- Shoes were sold far from where they were made and inconsistent sizing became even more problematic.
To address this, they created a consistent difference between each size, allowing the size chart to expand as needed for custom or regular sizes. They anticipated that people’s feet would change over time, as they had observed previously.
Women’s Sizes in Historical Context
Women’s adult sizes were typically considered to be in the lower end of the 1 to 12 range. Most commonly, sizes 2 to 8 were what women purchased.
If you’re American and panicking about how small that sounds, don’t worry. Feet were likely shorter and narrower back then due to different activity levels, types of shoes, and other factors.
In fact, that historical size chart compares more closely to modern US sizes 4 to 10. Interestingly, UK sizes haven’t shifted much, but American women’s sizes have diverged significantly.
Currently, US women’s sizes are about a size and a half different from US men’s sizes.
The Shift in Shoe Sizes
From the 1890s onwards, articles began to discuss the growing shoe sizes in America. This shift wasn’t just because feet were getting larger due to more athletic lifestyles but also because expectations of how shoes should fit were changing.
For example, women wanted a narrower foot more than a shorter one. To achieve this appearance, they sized up and chose narrower shoes, buying larger sizes than they needed for regular styles.
During this time, there was less concern about having larger shoe sizes. In fact, cities like LA, Chicago, and Pittsburgh often competed over which had women with the largest feet.
How Shoe Fitting Was Done in the Past
Back in the day, shoe fitting was a personalized experience. You’d walk into a shoe store, sit down, and a salesperson would take your measurements. They would then recommend shoes based on the style you chose, ensuring a good fit.
You relied heavily on the salesperson’s expertise because shoes didn’t have standard sizes like today.
Manufacturers intentionally avoided labeling shoes with normal sizes to prevent customers from fixating on the number rather than the fit. Instead, they used a coded system inside the shoes to indicate size.
Decoding Antique Shoes
If you look at antique shoes from the 1890s through the 1920s, you might notice a few digits stamped inside that seem nonsensical. These codes usually had three important numbers:
- Actual Size: The main size of the shoe.
- Half Size: Indicated by a 0 or 5.
- Width: A number denoting the shoe’s width, though this varied somewhat.
These codes were designed to keep customers from knowing their exact size, ensuring they focused on the fit rather than the number.
Mail Order Catalogs
Even mail-order catalogs from that era would ask for your shoe size, foot length, and width when you ordered shoes. This helped them determine the best size for you based on the given measurements.
References
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoe_size
- https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55432-z
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232851673_Foot_shape_of_older_people_Implications_for_shoe_design
- https://jfootankleres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13047-021-00500-9
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last
- https://brannock.com/pages/instructions-fitting-tips
- https://www.countrylife.co.uk/luxury/style/curious-questions-how-did-they-come-up-with-the-numbers-for-shoe-sizes-261259
To sum it all up…
Over the years, shoe sizing systems have evolved to better fit various foot shapes and sizes. Early systems often neglected width and arch support, crucial factors for comfort. Today, sizing is more detailed, offering better options for different activities and foot types.
With global trade, the differences between US, UK, and European sizes became evident, leading to the creation of conversion charts to help people find the right size across regions.
Modern technology, like 3D foot scanning, is making shoe sizing even more precise, ensuring everyone can find shoes that fit well. This evolution reflects a shift toward making shoes more comfortable and personalized.
Familiarize yourself with global shoe sizing systems and use conversion charts to navigate size differences across regions and brands.
Properly measure your feet at home, considering specific needs for different activities and foot conditions to ensure a better fit.
Try on shoes in the late afternoon or evening when your feet are at their largest. Pay attention to fit and feel, and use sizing guides for successful shoe shopping.
Break in new shoes gradually and use safe techniques to enhance comfort and extend the life of your footwear.
Finding the right shoes involves understanding sizing systems, measuring your feet, and trying on shoes with a careful approach.
Have you found any particular tips that work well for you when shoe shopping? Share your experiences and advice in the comments!
See you in the next one!